Shipping and Other Policies

ABBREVIATIONS AND REFERENCES

GRADING CONDITIONS

BU Brilliant Uncirculated
UNC Uncirculated
As struck Term used for ancient and mediveal coins in uncirculated or almost uncirculated condition
AU Almost Uncirculated
XF Extra Fine
VF Very Fine
F Fine
VG Very Good
G Good
ch. Choice, condition better than average; select; desirable.

ABBREVIATIONS

abt. about
abv. above
AD Anno Domini
AE Bronze or copper
AH Anno Hegirae ( Muslim era)
AR Silver
AS A unit of weight represents 12 unciae = one ounce
AV Gold
BC Before Christ
EL Electrum
ex. Exergue
g Gram
hd. Head
hld. Holding
hnd. Hand
l. Left
mm Millimeter
ND Not Dated. Usually the period, when coin was struck, is specified in the brackets or by the ruler's reign
Obv Obverce
r. Right
Rx Reverse
sim Similar
std. Standing
v. Variant
var. Variety
Ø Diameter

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

ANCIENT COINS

Anokh Anokhin, V. A. The Coinage of Chersonesus, IV Century B. C. - XII Century A.D. Kiev 1977.

An Anokhin, V.A. “The Coinage of Bosporus”. Kiev, Ukraine, 1986.

Anokhin Anokhin, V.A. “ Coins of Ancient Cities of North-Western Black Sea Area”. Kiev, Ukraine, 1989.

Ano Anokhin, V.A. “ The History Of Cimmerian Bosporus”. Kiev, Ukraine, 1999.

BMC British Museum. Dept. of Coins and Medals. Various catalogs.

Hend Hendin, David. Guide to ancient Jewish coins. Values by Herbert Kreindler. New York, 1976.

Jenk Jenkins, G. K. Ancient Greek Coins. New York, 1972

Mitch Mitchiner, Michael. Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian coinage. London 1975-1976

Nechitailo Nechitailo, V.V. Catalogue Of Ancient Coins Of Olbia. Kiev, Ukraine, 2000

RIC Roman Imperial Coinage. Various catalogs.

S 1. Sear, David R. Greek Coins and their Values. Volume 1. Europe. London, 1978.

2. Sear, David R. Greek Coins and their Values. Volume 2. Asia & Africa. London, 1979.

3. Sear, David R. Byzantine Coins and their Values. London, 1987.

4. Seaby, H. A. Roman Silver Coins I. Republic to Augustus. London, 1978.

5. Seaby, H. A. Roman silver coins, volume II: Tiberius to Commodus, London, 1968.

6. Seaby, H. A. Roman silver coins, volume III: Pertinax to Balbinus and Pupienus, London, 1982.

7. Seaby, H. A. Roman silver coins, volume IV: Gordian III to Postumus, London, 1971

Sear 1. Sear, David. S. Roman Coins and their Values. Third Revised Edition. London, 1981.

2. Sear, David R. Greek Imperial Coins and their Values. The Local Coinages of the Roman Empire. London, 1982.

Whit
Whitehead, R.B. Indo-Greek Coins. Chicago, 1969.

MEDIEVAL AND MODERN WORLD COINS

Ahl 1. Ahlstroem, Bjarne, Yngve Almer and Bengt Hemmingsson. Sveriges Mynt, 1521-1977. Stockholm, 1976.

2.Ahlstrom, B. & Almer, Y. & Jonsson, K. Coins of the Swedish Possessions. Stockholm, 1980.

Alb Album, Stephen. A Checklist of Popular Islamic Coins. California, 1993.

Balog Balog, Paul. The Coinage of the Ayyubids. London, 1980.

Bas Basok, A. Imitations of 11th Century Byzantine Coins Found on the Taman Peninsula. Celator, November1998.

Basok Basok, A. "Complete Catalog of Four Ducat Coins with Bulgarian Counterstamps under the names of Alexander II of Russia, Franz Joseph of Austria, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, Boris III of Bulgaria” Chicago, 2002.

B Berman, Allen G. Papal Coins. New York, 1991.

Bern Bernhart, Prof. Dr. Max. Die Munzen der Reichsstadt Kempten. Halle a.S., 1926.

Bit Bitkin, V. V. Comprehensive Catalog of Russian Imperial Coins of Regular Issue. Kiev 2000.

Br 1. Brekke, B. F. The Copper Coinage of Imperial Russia, 1700-1917, Malmoe, 1977.

2. Brekke, B. F. and T.W. Bakken. The Copper Coinage of Russia. Imperial Russia, Supplement 1997.

Calb Calbeto de Grau, G. Compendio De Las Piezas de Ocho Reales. San Juan, 1970.

Cay Cayon, J.R. Las Monedas Espanolas Del tremis al euro, Del 411 a nuestros dias. Madrid, 1998.

C/C Castan, C and Cayon, J.R. Las Monedas Espanolas desde Don Pelayo a Juan Carlos. I anos 718 A 1979. Madrid, 1978.

Chep Chepurnov, N.I. Russian Award Medals. in 5 parts, Cheboksary 1993-1994.

Ciani Ciani, L. Les Monnaies Royales Francaises, Hugues Capet A Louis XVI. Paris, 1926.

Cr Craig, William D. Coins of the world, 1750-1850. Racine, 1976.

Dav 1. Davenport, J.S. European Crowns, 1484-1600. Frankfurt am Main, 1977.

2. Davenport, John S. European Crowns, 1600-1700. Galesburg, 1974.

3. Davenport, John S. European Crowns, 1700-1800. London, 1964.

4. Davenport, John S. European Crowns and Talers Since 1800. London, 1964.

5. Davenport, John S. German Talers, 1500-1600. Frankfurt am Main, 1979.

6. Davenport, John S. German Secular Talers, 1600-1700. Frankfurt am Main, 1976.

7. Davenport, John S. German Church and City Talers, 1600-1700. Galesburg, 1967.

8. Davenport, John S. German Talers, 1700-1800. London, 1965.

9. Davenport, John S. The Dollars of Africa Asia & Oceania. Galesburg, 1969.

10. Davenport, John S. Silver Gulden 1559-1763. Frankfurt am Main, 1982.

11. Davenport, John S. and Tyge Sondergaard. Large Size Silver Coins of the World. Iola, 1991.

12. Davenport, John S. Eastern Baltic Regional Coinage, A. D. 1425-1581. Dallas, 1996.

David Davidovich, E. A. On the Organization of Copper Currency Exchange in Central Asia - late 15th and early 16th centuries. 1960.

Diak 1. Diakov, M.E. Russian Coins of Peter the Great. 2 volumes. Moscow 2000.

2. Diakov, M.E. Russian Coins of Catherine I and Peter II. Moscow 2001.

Del Delmonte, A. The Silver Benelux. Amsterdam, 1967.

D&H Dalton, R. & Hamer, S.H.The Provincial Token-Coinage of The 18th Century. Cold Spring, MN, 1996.

Don Fiala, E. Beschreibung der Boemischen Muenzen und Medaillen, Graz 1970.

Eimer Eimer, Christopher. British commemorative medals and their values. London, 1987.

Fed Fedorov, D. Moneti Pribaltiki XII-XVIII stoletij: Opredelitel monet. Tallinn, 1966.

Fr Friedberg, Robert, Gold coins of the world, complete from 600 A.D. to the present. New York, 1980.

G Gumowski, Marian. Handbuch der Polnischen Numismatik. Graz, 1960.

Gaid Gaidukov, P. G. Medniye Russkiye Moneti Kontsa XIV-XVI Vekov/ Copper Russian Coins, End of
XIV-XVI Centuries. Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Moscow, 1993.

GD Grand Duke Georgi Mikhailovich, Coins of Peter I through Alexander II. Complete Set in 12 volumes.

Gr Grove, Frank W. Medals of Mexico. Vol I Medals of the Spanish Kings. San Jose 1970.

Hahn 1. Hahn, W. R. O. Typenkatalog der Muenzen der Bayerischen Herzoege und Kurfuersten, 1506-1805, Braunschweig, 1971.

2. Hahn, W. R. O. Moneta Radasponensis: Bayerns Muenzpraegung im 9., 10. und 11. Jahrhundert. Braunschweig, 1976.

Hal 1. Haljak, G. Estonian Coin Catalogue, Tallinn, 1993.

2. Haljak, G. Livlandische Munzen aus der Ordenszeit 13.-16. Jahrhundert, Tallinn, 1997.

Herm Markov, Aleksyei Konstantinovich, Inventory Catalog of Moslem Coins in the Imperial Hermitage. St. Petersburg, 1896.

H-Cz Hutten-Czapski, E., Catalogue de la Collection des Medailles et Monnaies Polonaises. 5 volumes Graz 1957.

H/N Hanibal, Vladimir and Novak, Emil, Male Grose. Podebrady 1981.

Hol Holmasto Team, Suomi Finland, Rahat Ja Setelit Mynt Och Sedlar 1811-1992. Helsinki, 1992.

I/D Ivanauskas, E and Douchis, R.J. Coins of Lithuania 1386-1707. Vilnius, 1999.

Il Ilyin, A. Russian Coins. Copper coins 1700-1725. Peter I. 1997 Reprint of 1918 Petrograd edition.

Iv 1. Iversen, J. B. Medals Struck during Reign of Emperor Alexander II. St Petersburg 1880.

2. Iversen, J. B. Dictionary of Medallists and Other Names Appearing on Russian Medals. St Petersburg 1874.

J Julian, R.W. Russian Silver Coinage 1796-1917. Logansport 1993.

ov Jovanovic, M. Srpski srednjovekovni novac. Beograd 1990.

Kle 1. Kleshchinov, V. N. and I. V. Grishin. Determinant of the obverses of Wire Money of Tsar Peter Alexeyevich. Moscow, 1992.

K/G 1. Grishin, I. V. and V. N. Kleshchinov. Catalogue of Medieval Russian Coins Struck during the Time of the Reign of Czar Mikhail Fedovovich (1613-1645). Moscow, 2001.

2. Kleshchinov, V. N. and I. V. Grishin. Katalog Russkikh Srednevekovikh Monet s Pravleniya Tsarya Ivana IV Vasil'yevitsa do shvedskoi okkupatsii Novgoroda (1533-1617 gg). Moscow, 1998.

Kam Kaminski, Czeslaw. Illustrowany Katalog Monet Polskich, 1587-1864. 5 volumes, Warsaw, 1976, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1990.

Kel Kellner, Hans-Joerg. Bayerische Muenzkataloge. Band 2. Die Muenzen der niederbayerischen Muenzstaetten. Hugo Geiger, Gruenwald bei Muenchen, 1958.

KM 1. Krause, C.L. & Mishler, C. & Bruce, C.R.II Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1601-1700. Iola.

2. Krause, C.L. & Mishler, C. & Bruce, C.R.II Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, Iola.

3. Krause, Chester L. Standard Catalog of World Coins, 19th century, 1801-1900; Iola, 1998.

4. Krause, Chester L. Standard Catalog of World Coins, 2002.

5. Krause, Chester L. Standard Catalog of German coins.

Kop Kopicki, E. Ilustrowany Skorowidz Pieniedzy Polskich I Z Polska Zwiazanych. Warszawa, 1995.

L Lafaurie, J & Prieur, P. Les Monnaies Des Rois De France, Francois I A Henri IV. Paris, 1956.

Lang Lang David M. Coins of Georgia in Transcaucasia ANS 1966.

LBO Luchian, O., Buzdugan, G., Oprescu, C.C. Monede si Bancnote Romanesti.Bucuresti, 1977.

Mal Malloy, A G., Preston, I. F. & Seltman, A.J. Coins of The Crusader States 1098-1291. South Salem, NY, 1994.

MEC Grierson, Philip, The Coins of Medieval Europe. London, 1991. 248p.

Meln Melnikova, A. C. Russian Coinage from Ivan the Terrible to Peter the Great, 1533-1682: Moscow, 1989.

MG Morrison, K.F. Carolingian Coinage. New York, 1967.

MzA Miller zu Aichholz, Victor; Loehr, A.; Holzmair, E.; Oesterreichische Munzpraegungen 1519-1938, Chicago 1981.

Nerc Nercessian, Y. T. Armenian Coins and their Values. Los Angeles, 1995.

Neu 1. Neumann, Josef. Beschreibung der bekanntesten Kupfermuenzen. Volum II . Leipzig, 1965.

2. Neumann, Josef. Beschreibung der bekanntesten Kupfermuenzen. Volum III . Prague, 1863.

Or Oreshnikov, A. V. Russian Coins up to the year 1547. Moscow, 1896.

Pakh Pakhomov, E.A. Coins of Georgia.Tbilisi, 1970.

par VG Guilloteau, Victor. Monnaies Francaises: Colonies 1670-1942, Metropole 1774-1942. Versailles, 1937-1942. Paris 1947.

Pet Peters, D.I. Russian Award Medas of 19th Through Beginning of 20th Centuries. Moscow 1989.

Petr Petrov, V. I. Manual for collectors of coins of the princes, tsars and emperors of Russia 980 until 1900.
3-d edition. Moscow, 1900.

Pd'Av Poey d'Avant, F. Monnaies feodales des France, Graz 1961.

Pohl Pohl, A. Munzzeichen und Meisterzeichen auf Ungarischen Munzen des Mittelalters 1300-1540. Budapest, 1982.

Pr Probszt, Gunther, Die Munzen Salzburgs, Graz 1959.

Prid Pridmore, F. The Coins of The British Commonwealth of Nations to the End of the Reign of George VI 1952. Part 2. Asian Territories, Spinks, 1962.

Reich Reichel, J. J. Die Reichelsche Muenzsammlung in St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg. 1842.

Reng Rengjeo, Ivan. Corpus der mittelalterlichen Muenzen von Kroatien, Slavonien, Dalmatien und Bosnien, Graz 1959.

Ret Retowski, O. Die Muenzen der Girei. Moscow, 1905.

Rethy Rethy, L. Corpus Nummorum Hungariae. Graz, 1958.

Rob Roberts, J.N. The Silver Coins of medieval France (476-1610 AD). South Salem, NY,1996.

Rtv Rtveladze, E. The Ancient Coins of Central Asia. Tashkent, 1987.

von Sch 1. Schrotter, Friedrich Freiherr von. Die munzen aus der Beit der Coinage Friedrichs I und Friedrich Wilhelms I. Paul Parey, Reprint of 1978.

2. Schrotter, Friedrich Freiherr von. Die munzen Friedrich Wilhelms des Grossen Kurfursten und Friedrichs III, Von Brandenburg. Reprint of 1978.

S 1. Seaby, H. A. Standard catalogue of British coins; coins of England and the United Kingdom. London, 1994.

2. Seaby, Peter, and P. Frank Purvey. Standard Catalogue of British Coins. Volume 2. Coins of Scotland, Ireland & the Islands (Jersey, Guernsey, Man & Lundy). London, 1984.

Saj Sajauskas, S. and Kaubrys, D. Lietuvos Didziosios Kunigaikstystes Numizmatika. Vilnius,1993.

Sev Severin, H.M. The Silver Coinage of Imperial Russia 1682 to 1917. 1965

Sm Smirnov, V. P. Description of Russian Medals. St. Petersburg 1908.

Sokolov Sokolov, S.P. ,"Catalog of Russian Medals, Volume II, 1762-1801, Portrait Series of Russian Rulers".

Sp Spassky, I. G. The Russian Monetary System. A Historico-Numismatic Survey. Amsterdam, 1967.

Sr Sreeckovic, S. Akches. in 2 volumes, Belgrade, 1999.

S/S Spengler, W F. and Sayles, W.G. Turkoman Figural Bronze Coins and Their Iconography. Lodi, WI, 1992.

Sw Sweeny, James O. A numismatic history of the Birmingham Mint. Birmingham, 1981.

Saur Weyl, Adolph. Die Saurmasche munzsammlung deutscher, Schweizerischer und Polnischer geprage von etwa dem beginn er graschenzeit bis zur kipperperiode. Reprint Frankfurt/Main.

Uzd Uzdenikov, V.V. Russian Coins 1700-1917. Moscow, 1992.

Werl Werlich, Robert. Russian Orders, Decorations and Medals. Washington, D.C. 1981.

Weyl Weyl, Adolph. Die Pual Henckel'sche Sammlung; Brandenburg-Preussischer munzen und medaillen. 1987 reprint.

ANCIENT COINS

Anokh	Anokhin, V. A. The Coinage of Chersonesus, IV Century B. C. - XII Century A.D. Kiev 1977.
An	Anokhin, V.A. “The Coinage of Bosporus”. Kiev, Ukraine, 1986.
Anokhin	Anokhin, V.A. “ Coins of Ancient Cities of North-Western Black Sea Area”. Kiev, Ukraine, 1989.
Ano	Anokhin, V.A. “ The History Of Cimmerian Bosporus”. Kiev, Ukraine, 1999.
BMC	British Museum. Dept. of Coins and Medals. Various catalogs.
Hend	Hendin, David. Guide to ancient Jewish coins. Values by Herbert Kreindler. New York, 1976.
Jenk	Jenkins, G. K. Ancient Greek Coins. New York, 1972
Mitch	Mitchiner, Michael. Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian coinage. London 1975-1976
Nechitailo	Nechitailo, V.V. Catalogue Of Ancient Coins Of Olbia. Kiev, Ukraine, 2000
RIC	Roman Imperial Coinage. Various catalogs.
S	1. Sear, David R. Greek Coins and their Values. Volume 1. Europe. London, 1978.
	2. Sear, David R. Greek Coins and their Values. Volume 2. Asia & Africa. London, 1979.
	3. Sear, David R. Byzantine Coins and their Values. London, 1987.
	4. Seaby, H. A. Roman Silver Coins I. Republic to Augustus. London, 1978.
	5. Seaby, H. A. Roman silver coins, volume II: Tiberius to Commodus, London, 1968.
	6. Seaby, H. A. Roman silver coins, volume III: Pertinax to Balbinus and Pupienus, London, 1982.
	7. Seaby, H. A. Roman silver coins, volume IV: Gordian III to Postumus, London, 1971
Sear	1. Sear, David. S. Roman Coins and their Values. Third Revised Edition. London, 1981.
	2. Sear, David R. Greek Imperial Coins and their Values. The Local Coinages of the Roman Empire. London, 1982.
Whit	Whitehead, R.B. Indo-Greek Coins. Chicago, 1969.
MEDIEVAL AND MODERN WORLD COINS
Ahl	1. Ahlstroem, Bjarne, Yngve Almer and Bengt Hemmingsson. Sveriges Mynt, 1521-1977. Stockholm, 1976.
	2.Ahlstrom, B. & Almer, Y. & Jonsson, K. Coins of the Swedish Possessions. Stockholm, 1980.
Alb	Album, Stephen. A Checklist of Popular Islamic Coins. California, 1993.
Balog	Balog, Paul. The Coinage of the Ayyubids. London, 1980.
Bas	Basok, A. Imitations of 11th Century Byzantine Coins Found on the Taman Peninsula. Celator, November1998.
Basok	Basok, A. "Complete Catalog of Four Ducat Coins with Bulgarian Counterstamps under the names of Alexander II of Russia, Franz Joseph of Austria, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, Boris III of Bulgaria” Chicago, 2002.
B	Berman, Allen G. Papal Coins. New York, 1991.
Bern	Bernhart, Prof. Dr. Max. Die Munzen der Reichsstadt Kempten. Halle a.S., 1926.
Bit	Bitkin, V. V. Comprehensive Catalog of Russian Imperial Coins of Regular Issue. Kiev 2000.
Br	1. Brekke, B. F. The Copper Coinage of Imperial Russia, 1700-1917, Malmoe, 1977.
	2. Brekke, B. F. and T.W. Bakken. The Copper Coinage of Russia. Imperial Russia, Supplement 1997.
Calb	Calbeto de Grau, G. Compendio De Las Piezas de Ocho Reales. San Juan, 1970.
Cay	Cayon, J.R. Las Monedas Espanolas Del tremis al euro, Del 411 a nuestros dias. Madrid, 1998.
C/C	Castan, C and Cayon, J.R. Las Monedas Espanolas desde Don Pelayo a Juan Carlos. I anos 718 A 1979. Madrid, 1978.
Chep	Chepurnov, N.I. Russian Award Medals. in 5 parts, Cheboksary 1993-1994.
Ciani	Ciani, L. Les Monnaies Royales Francaises, Hugues Capet A Louis XVI. Paris, 1926.
Cr	Craig, William D. Coins of the world, 1750-1850. Racine, 1976.
Dav	1. Davenport, J.S. European Crowns, 1484-1600. Frankfurt am Main, 1977.
	2. Davenport, John S. European Crowns, 1600-1700. Galesburg, 1974.
	3. Davenport, John S. European Crowns, 1700-1800. London, 1964.
	4. Davenport, John S. European Crowns and Talers Since 1800. London, 1964.
	5. Davenport, John S. German Talers, 1500-1600. Frankfurt am Main, 1979.
	6. Davenport, John S. German Secular Talers, 1600-1700. Frankfurt am Main, 1976.
	7. Davenport, John S. German Church and City Talers, 1600-1700. Galesburg, 1967.
	8. Davenport, John S. German Talers, 1700-1800. London, 1965.
	9. Davenport, John S. The Dollars of Africa Asia & Oceania. Galesburg, 1969.
	10. Davenport, John S. Silver Gulden 1559-1763. Frankfurt am Main, 1982.
	11. Davenport, John S. and Tyge Sondergaard. Large Size Silver Coins of the World. Iola, 1991.
	12. Davenport, John S. Eastern Baltic Regional Coinage, A. D. 1425-1581. Dallas, 1996.
David	Davidovich, E. A. On the Organization of Copper Currency Exchange in Central Asia - late 15th and early 16th centuries. 1960.
Diak	1. Diakov, M.E. Russian Coins of Peter the Great. 2 volumes. Moscow 2000.
	2. Diakov, M.E. Russian Coins of Catherine I and Peter II. Moscow 2001.
Del	Delmonte, A. The Silver Benelux. Amsterdam, 1967.
D&H	Dalton, R. & Hamer, S.H.The Provincial Token-Coinage of The 18th Century. Cold Spring, MN, 1996.
Don	Fiala, E. Beschreibung der Boemischen Muenzen und Medaillen, Graz 1970.
Eimer	Eimer, Christopher. British commemorative medals and their values. London, 1987.
Fed	Fedorov, D. Moneti Pribaltiki XII-XVIII stoletij: Opredelitel monet. Tallinn, 1966.
Fr	Friedberg, Robert, Gold coins of the world, complete from 600 A.D. to the present. New York, 1980.
G	Gumowski, Marian. Handbuch der Polnischen Numismatik. Graz, 1960.
Gaid	Gaidukov, P. G. Medniye Russkiye Moneti Kontsa XIV-XVI Vekov/ Copper Russian Coins, End of
	XIV-XVI Centuries. Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, Moscow, 1993.
GD	Grand Duke Georgi Mikhailovich, Coins of Peter I through Alexander II. Complete Set in 12 volumes.
Gr	Grove, Frank W. Medals of Mexico. Vol I Medals of the Spanish Kings. San Jose 1970.
Hahn	1. Hahn, W. R. O. Typenkatalog der Muenzen der Bayerischen Herzoege und Kurfuersten, 1506-1805, Braunschweig, 1971.
	2. Hahn, W. R. O. Moneta Radasponensis: Bayerns Muenzpraegung im 9., 10. und 11. Jahrhundert. Braunschweig, 1976.
Hal	1. Haljak, G. Estonian Coin Catalogue, Tallinn, 1993.
	2. Haljak, G. Livlandische Munzen aus der Ordenszeit 13.-16. Jahrhundert, Tallinn, 1997.
Herm	Markov, Aleksyei Konstantinovich, Inventory Catalog of Moslem Coins in the Imperial Hermitage. St. Petersburg, 1896.
H-Cz	Hutten-Czapski, E., Catalogue de la Collection des Medailles et Monnaies Polonaises. 5 volumes Graz 1957.
H/N	Hanibal, Vladimir and Novak, Emil, Male Grose. Podebrady 1981.
Hol	Holmasto Team, Suomi Finland, Rahat Ja Setelit Mynt Och Sedlar 1811-1992. Helsinki, 1992.
I/D	Ivanauskas, E and Douchis, R.J. Coins of Lithuania 1386-1707. Vilnius, 1999.
Il	Ilyin, A. Russian Coins. Copper coins 1700-1725. Peter I. 1997 Reprint of 1918 Petrograd edition.
Iv	1. Iversen, J. B. Medals Struck during Reign of Emperor Alexander II. St Petersburg 1880.
	2. Iversen, J. B. Dictionary of Medallists and Other Names Appearing on Russian Medals. St Petersburg 1874.
J	Julian, R.W. Russian Silver Coinage 1796-1917. Logansport 1993.
ov	Jovanovic, M. Srpski srednjovekovni novac. Beograd 1990.
Kle	1. Kleshchinov, V. N. and I. V. Grishin. Determinant of the obverses of Wire Money of Tsar Peter Alexeyevich. Moscow, 1992.
K/G	1. Grishin, I. V. and V. N. Kleshchinov. Catalogue of Medieval Russian Coins Struck during the Time of the Reign of Czar Mikhail Fedovovich (1613-1645). Moscow, 2001.
	2. Kleshchinov, V. N. and I. V. Grishin. Katalog Russkikh Srednevekovikh Monet s Pravleniya Tsarya Ivana IV Vasil'yevitsa do shvedskoi okkupatsii Novgoroda (1533-1617 gg). Moscow, 1998.
Kam	Kaminski, Czeslaw. Illustrowany Katalog Monet Polskich, 1587-1864. 5 volumes, Warsaw, 1976, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1990.
Kel	Kellner, Hans-Joerg. Bayerische Muenzkataloge. Band 2. Die Muenzen der niederbayerischen Muenzstaetten. Hugo Geiger, Gruenwald bei Muenchen, 1958.
KM	1. Krause, C.L. & Mishler, C. & Bruce, C.R.II Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1601-1700. Iola.
	2. Krause, C.L. & Mishler, C. & Bruce, C.R.II Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1701-1800, Iola.
	3. Krause, Chester L. Standard Catalog of World Coins, 19th century, 1801-1900; Iola, 1998.
	4. Krause, Chester L. Standard Catalog of World Coins, 2002.
	5. Krause, Chester L. Standard Catalog of German coins.
Kop	Kopicki, E. Ilustrowany Skorowidz Pieniedzy Polskich I Z Polska Zwiazanych. Warszawa, 1995.
L	Lafaurie, J & Prieur, P. Les Monnaies Des Rois De France, Francois I A Henri IV. Paris, 1956.
Lang	Lang David M. Coins of Georgia in Transcaucasia ANS 1966.
LBO	Luchian, O., Buzdugan, G., Oprescu, C.C. Monede si Bancnote Romanesti.Bucuresti, 1977.
Mal	Malloy, A G., Preston, I. F. & Seltman, A.J. Coins of The Crusader States 1098-1291. South Salem, NY, 1994.
MEC	Grierson, Philip, The Coins of Medieval Europe. London, 1991. 248p.
Meln	Melnikova, A. C. Russian Coinage from Ivan the Terrible to Peter the Great, 1533-1682: Moscow, 1989.
MG	Morrison, K.F. Carolingian Coinage. New York, 1967.
MzA	Miller zu Aichholz, Victor; Loehr, A.; Holzmair, E.; Oesterreichische Munzpraegungen 1519-1938, Chicago 1981.
Nerc	Nercessian, Y. T. Armenian Coins and their Values. Los Angeles, 1995.
Neu	1. Neumann, Josef. Beschreibung der bekanntesten Kupfermuenzen. Volum II . Leipzig, 1965.
	2. Neumann, Josef. Beschreibung der bekanntesten Kupfermuenzen. Volum III . Prague, 1863.
Or	Oreshnikov, A. V. Russian Coins up to the year 1547. Moscow, 1896.
Pakh	Pakhomov, E.A. Coins of Georgia.Tbilisi, 1970.
par VG	Guilloteau, Victor. Monnaies Francaises: Colonies 1670-1942, Metropole 1774-1942. Versailles, 1937-1942. Paris 1947.
Pet	Peters, D.I. Russian Award Medas of 19th Through Beginning of 20th Centuries. Moscow 1989.
Petr	Petrov, V. I. Manual for collectors of coins of the princes, tsars and emperors of Russia 980 until 1900. 3-d edition. Moscow, 1900.
Pd'Av	Poey d'Avant, F. Monnaies feodales des France, Graz 1961.
Pohl	Pohl, A. Munzzeichen und Meisterzeichen auf Ungarischen Munzen des Mittelalters 1300-1540. Budapest, 1982.
Pr	Probszt, Gunther, Die Munzen Salzburgs, Graz 1959.
Prid	Pridmore, F. The Coins of The British Commonwealth of Nations to the End of the Reign of George VI 1952. Part 2. Asian Territories, Spinks, 1962.
Reich	Reichel, J. J. Die Reichelsche Muenzsammlung in St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg. 1842.
Reng	Rengjeo, Ivan. Corpus der mittelalterlichen Muenzen von Kroatien, Slavonien, Dalmatien und Bosnien, Graz 1959.
Ret	Retowski, O. Die Muenzen der Girei. Moscow, 1905.
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